Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Q: Does calendula cream help radiation dermatitis?

The evidence conflicts. It beat trolamine in a 254-patient trial, but tied with aqueous cream (411 patients) and Sorbolene (81 patients), and a 2023 meta-analysis found no significant effect.

Q: Does calendula help wounds close faster?

In one small trial, hand wounds closed in 8.6 days with calendula extract vs 13.2 days with mineral oil, and an episiotomy trial reported less pain. A 2019 systematic review called for larger, well-designed trials.

Q: Is calendula good for diaper rash?

One trial in 66 infants found fewer rash sites with calendula ointment than with aloe cream after 10 days, with no reported side effects. There was no placebo group.

Q: Does calendula work for vaginal yeast infections?

One trial in 150 women compared a calendula vaginal cream with clotrimazole: fewer calendula users tested negative at 10–15 days (49% vs 74%), but more did at 30–35 days (77% vs 34%). It is a single trial; clotrimazole remains the tested standard treatment.

Q: Can calendula cause an allergic reaction?

Yes. Calendula is in the daisy family, and about 2% of patch-tested dermatology patients reacted to it. The EU monograph rules it out for people allergic to Asteraceae plants.

Q: Does calendula interact with medicines?

No interactions are documented. The EU herbal monograph lists none reported, and LiverTox has no calendula entry. Most use is on the skin, and no trial measured drug levels with calendula.

Q: Can calendula cream be used on sore nipples while breastfeeding?

It has been used that way, but LactMed says little high-quality evidence supports it; the studies used combination creams (with Mimosa tenuiflora or echinacea) or lacked a control group. The EU monograph does not recommend calendula while breastfeeding because safety has not been established.

Q: Should calendula be swallowed as a supplement?

No controlled trial of oral calendula was found for this page. The EU conclusions cover preparations applied to the skin or to the lining of the mouth and throat.

Also called Calendula officinalis, pot marigold, marigold, calendula flower, calendula cream, calendula ointment.

Best grade C across 9 graded outcomes Botanical Last checked Oct 21, 2026

The short answer

From 16 sources

Calendula (pot marigold) is studied almost entirely as a cream or ointment, not a capsule. One large trial found less severe radiation dermatitis than trolamine, but two other trials found no difference from plain creams, and a 2023 meta-analysis found no significant effect (grade C). Small trials report faster wound closure and less episiotomy pain (grade D). People allergic to daisy-family plants can react.

Every graded outcome on this page

9 rows · line = participants

Grade CSevere acute radiation skin reactions vs aqueous cream (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitisn 411
Grade CGrade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs trolamine (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitisn 254
Grade DVaginal yeast infection: negative tests vs clotrimazoleVaginal yeast infectionn 144
Grade DPain after episiotomy (calendula ointment vs standard care)Woundsn 100
Grade DGrade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs Sorbolene (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitisn 81
Grade DDiaper dermatitis in infants (calendula vs aloe vera)Diaper rashn 66
Grade DRadiation dermatitis vs essential fatty acids (head and neck cancer)Radiation dermatitisn 51
Grade DTime to skin closure in acute hand woundsWoundsn 38
Grade DSkin hydration and barrier recovery after irritant exposureSkin barriern 20
6 more graded outcomes, in the evidence chapter

Key facts

How it is used in trials: Applied to the skin as an ointment or cream; no oral calendula trial is cited here^1,2,6,7,12
Radiation dermatitis: Positive against trolamine (n=254), no difference against aqueous cream (n=411) or Sorbolene (n=81); no significant effect in a 2023 meta-analysis, and insufficient evidence in a 2024 breast-cancer meta-analysis^1,2,3,5,16
Minor wounds: Small trials: hand wounds closed in 8.6 vs 13.2 days; less pain after episiotomy^7,6
EU status: Traditional herbal medicine for minor skin inflammation, minor wounds and mouth or throat inflammation, based on long-standing use rather than clinical trials¹²
Allergy: About 2% of 443 patch-tested dermatology patients reacted to marigold; the EU monograph rules it out for people allergic to Asteraceae plants^13,12

What it is

Calendula is the pot marigold flower, used mainly in creams and ointments for irritated skin and minor wounds.

How it works

Proposed

Animal studies summarized in a 2019 systematic review showed a shorter inflammatory phase and more granulation tissue in wounds dressed with calendula extract. How this translates to people is not established.¹¹

Forms, side by side

3 forms named in our sources. The rest show what our data holds, and say plainly where it holds nothing yet.

Calendula (Calendula officinalis) forms compared

3 forms

Calendula (Calendula officinalis) forms compared: 3 forms by 3 attributes. Empty cells are labelled No data yet, or Not graded in the evidence row.
3 forms	Calendula ointment or cream (applied to skin)	Calendula vaginal cream	Calendula tea or capsules (by mouth)
Absorption in people	Applied to the skin, not swallowed; no human data on how much reaches the bloodstream.¹²	Applied in the vagina; no absorption data.¹⁰	No human absorption data found.¹²
GI tolerance	No adverse effects were reported in the diaper dermatitis and irritant-dermatitis trials; skin sensitisation has been reported with calendula medicines at an unknown frequency.^8,9,12	Tolerability is not described in the trial abstract.¹⁰	No controlled trial of swallowed calendula was found; the EU conclusions cover infusions used on the lining of the mouth or the skin.¹²
Studied for	Radiation dermatitis, minor wounds, episiotomy, diaper rash	Vaginal yeast infection (one trial against clotrimazole)	Not studied in the trials cited here

Calendula ointment or cream (applied to skin)
Absorption in people
Applied to the skin, not swallowed; no human data on how much reaches the bloodstream.¹²
GI tolerance
No adverse effects were reported in the diaper dermatitis and irritant-dermatitis trials; skin sensitisation has been reported with calendula medicines at an unknown frequency.^8,9,12
Studied for
Radiation dermatitis, minor wounds, episiotomy, diaper rash
Calendula vaginal cream
Absorption in people
Applied in the vagina; no absorption data.¹⁰
GI tolerance
Tolerability is not described in the trial abstract.¹⁰
Studied for
Vaginal yeast infection (one trial against clotrimazole)
Calendula tea or capsules (by mouth)
Absorption in people
No human absorption data found.¹²
GI tolerance
No controlled trial of swallowed calendula was found; the EU conclusions cover infusions used on the lining of the mouth or the skin.¹²
Studied for
Not studied in the trials cited here

What the human research says

Human trials only, one row per outcome. The form line shows what each trial actually tested. Grades follow our evidence-grading policy.

Trial map

9 graded outcomes, largest study first

9 graded outcomes: 6 improved, 1 mixed, 2 no effect. The largest, a 2013 randomized trial of 411 people on severe acute radiation skin reactions vs aqueous cream (breast cancer radiotherapy), found no effect. Outcomes that improved came from smaller studies: a median of 59 people, against 246 for no effect.

By sizeTable

1Severe acute radiation skin reactions vs aqueous cream (breast cancer radiotherapy)

No effect · Grade C · RCT, 411 people, 2013

Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer (Sweden)

Dose, result and source

Every graded outcome on this page, largest study first
Outcome	Found	People	Study	Who was studied
Severe acute radiation skin reactions vs aqueous cream (breast cancer radiotherapy)	No effect	411	Grade C · RCT, 2013	Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer (Sweden)
Grade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs trolamine (breast cancer radiotherapy)	Improved	254	Grade C · RCT, 2004	Women receiving postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer (France)
Vaginal yeast infection: negative tests vs clotrimazole	Mixed	144	Grade D · RCT, 2017	Married women aged 18–45 with vaginal candidiasis (Iran)
Pain after episiotomy (calendula ointment vs standard care)	Improved	100	Grade D · RCT, 2022	Women with singleton term births who had an episiotomy (Italy)
Grade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs Sorbolene (breast cancer radiotherapy)	No effect	81	Grade D · RCT, 2021	Women receiving breast cancer radiotherapy (Australia)
Diaper dermatitis in infants (calendula vs aloe vera)	Improved	66	Grade D · RCT, 2012	Infants under 3 years with diaper dermatitis (Iran)
Radiation dermatitis vs essential fatty acids (head and neck cancer)	Improved	51	Grade D · RCT, 2015	Patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (Brazil)
Time to skin closure in acute hand wounds	Improved	38	Grade D · RCT, 2022	Adults with skin-loss wounds of the hand or fingers left to close on their own (Brazil)
Skin hydration and barrier recovery after irritant exposure	Improved	20	Grade D · RCT, 2025	Healthy volunteers with an experimentally irritated forearm (Croatia)

Every graded row

9 rows

Form tested

Showing 9 of 9 outcomes. Human trials only.

Grade CSevere acute radiation skin reactions vs aqueous cream (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitis23% vs 19% (no difference)RCT
n 411 · 2013

No effect Severe reactions occurred in 23% with calendula vs 19% with Essex aqueous cream; no difference at any assessment and no difference in patient-reported skin symptoms.

Design: RCT, n = 411, 2013
Population: Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer (Sweden)
Form: Calendula cream (Weleda)
Dose: Applied to the irradiated area (frequency not stated in the abstract)
Duration: Course of adjuvant radiotherapy
Source: Reference 2 · PubMed 23245940 (opens PubMed)

Grade CGrade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs trolamine (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitis41% vs 63% grade 2+RCT
n 254 · 2004

Improved Grade 2 or higher dermatitis occurred in 41% with calendula vs 63% with trolamine (P<.001); calendula users also had less radiation-related pain and fewer treatment interruptions.

Design: RCT, n = 254, 2004
Population: Women receiving postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer (France)
Form: Calendula ointment (Boiron Pommade au Calendula par Digestion)
Dose: Applied to the irradiated skin after each radiotherapy session
Duration: Course of postoperative radiotherapy
Source: Reference 1 · PubMed 15084618 (opens PubMed)

Grade DVaginal yeast infection: negative tests vs clotrimazoleVaginal yeast infection49% vs 74%, then 77% vs 34%RCT
n 144 · 2017

Mixed Fewer women tested negative with calendula at 10–15 days (49% vs 74%; OR 0.32) but more did at 30–35 days (77% vs 34%; OR 3.1), when signs and symptoms were also lower than with clotrimazole.

Design: RCT, n = 144, 2017
Population: Married women aged 18–45 with vaginal candidiasis (Iran)
Form: Calendula vaginal cream (comparator: clotrimazole vaginal cream)
Dose: 5 g vaginal cream every night
Duration: 7 nights; follow-up to 30–35 days
Source: Reference 10 · PubMed 27880086 (opens PubMed)

Grade DPain after episiotomy (calendula ointment vs standard care)WoundsImprovedRCT
n 100 · 2022

Improved Pain scores were lower with calendula from day 2 through follow-up; redness and swelling of the wound were also lower.

Design: RCT, n = 100, 2022
Population: Women with singleton term births who had an episiotomy (Italy)
Form: Calendula ointment
Dose: Applied 4 hours after episiotomy, then every 8 hours
Duration: 10 days
Source: Reference 6 · PubMed 32460565 (opens PubMed)

Grade DGrade 2+ radiation dermatitis vs Sorbolene (breast cancer radiotherapy)Radiation dermatitis53% vs 62% (no difference)RCT
n 81 · 2021

No effect Grade 2+ dermatitis: 53% with calendula vs 62% with Sorbolene (OR 0.87, P=0.92). The trial recruited 82 of a planned 178 and was underpowered.

Design: RCT, n = 81, 2021
Population: Women receiving breast cancer radiotherapy (Australia)
Form: Topical calendula
Dose: Applied to the treated skin (schedule not stated in the abstract)
Duration: Course of radiotherapy
Source: Reference 3 · PubMed 32965030 (opens PubMed)

Grade DDiaper dermatitis in infants (calendula vs aloe vera)Diaper rashImprovedRCT
n 66 · 2012

Improved Both groups improved; the calendula group had significantly fewer rash sites than the aloe group (P=0.001). No adverse effects were reported.

Design: RCT, n = 66, 2012
Population: Infants under 3 years with diaper dermatitis (Iran)
Form: Calendula ointment (comparator: aloe vera cream)
Dose: Applied 3 times a day
Duration: 10 days
Source: Reference 8 · PubMed 22606064 (opens PubMed)

Grade DRadiation dermatitis vs essential fatty acids (head and neck cancer)Radiation dermatitisImprovedRCT
n 51 · 2015

Improved Grade 2 dermatitis was less common with calendula than with an essential fatty acid product (P=0.012).

Design: RCT, n = 51, 2015
Population: Patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (Brazil)
Form: Topical calendula
Dose: Applied to the irradiated skin (schedule not stated in the abstract)
Duration: Course of radiotherapy
Source: Reference 4 · PubMed 25992820 (opens PubMed)

Grade DTime to skin closure in acute hand woundsWounds8.6 vs 13.2 daysRCT
n 38 · 2022

Improved Wounds closed in 8.6 days with calendula vs 13.2 days with mineral oil (P<0.05).

Design: RCT, n = 38, 2022
Population: Adults with skin-loss wounds of the hand or fingers left to close on their own (Brazil)
Form: Standardized calendula extract
Dose: Applied to the wound (schedule not stated in the abstract); control used mineral oil
Duration: Until the wound closed
Source: Reference 7 · PubMed 34674610 (opens PubMed)

Grade DSkin hydration and barrier recovery after irritant exposureSkin barrierImprovedRCT
n 20 · 2025

Improved The calendula site was more hydrated than control and base-cream sites on day 4 (P=0.017 and P=0.035), still on day 8, and lost less water than control on day 3; redness did not differ.

Design: RCT, n = 20, 2025
Population: Healthy volunteers with an experimentally irritated forearm (Croatia)
Form: Emollient cream with 1% supercritical CO2 calendula extract (vs the same base cream and untreated skin)
Dose: Applied to randomized forearm test sites (schedule not stated in the abstract)
Duration: 8 days
Source: Reference 9 · PubMed 41527980 (opens PubMed)

What the numbers add up to

Each point is worked out from the data and the sources numbered on this page, with the arithmetic shown under it. It adds no new data and is not medical advice.

The comparator decides the result

Calendula beat trolamine in the 2004 trial but tied with plain aqueous cream and Sorbolene in later trials, which suggests the early win may reflect the comparator as much as calendula.^1,2,3

Pooled radiation data are null

A 2023 meta-analysis of randomized trials found no significant effect of calendula on grade 2+ radiation dermatitis; among the five natural products studied, only oral enzymes and olive oil reached significance. A 2024 meta-analysis in breast cancer found insufficient evidence for calendula, unlike silymarin.^5,16

Mostly small, unblinded trials

Outside radiotherapy, every calendula trial cited here enrolled 100 people or fewer, and several compared it with standard care or another herb rather than a placebo.^6,7,8,9

Studied doses

Doses used in research, shown against the official limits. They describe the studies, not a recommendation for you.

Studied doses in research, not advice. These are amounts used in research, not personal advice. Your clinician or pharmacist can say what fits you.

Doses studied in human trials

Doses studied in human trials ranged from applications after each radiotherapy session to three times daily (diaper dermatitis) or every 8 hours (episiotomy), for 10 days up to a full radiotherapy course. All were creams or ointments on the skin; most abstracts do not state the extract strength, apart from one 1% CO2-extract cream.^1,6,8,9

When trials measured an effect

2 outcomes

How long trials ran before effects were measured
Outcome	Measured at	Basis
Pain after episiotomy	Day 2, lasting through follow-up	100-woman trial: pain was lower with calendula ointment from day two and during all follow-up⁶
Vaginal yeast infection	30–35 days after a 7-night course	150-woman trial: calendula trailed clotrimazole at 10–15 days and led at 30–35 days¹⁰

Interactions and safety

Published interactions only: each row cites a source. No row means none was found in our sources, not that a combination is safe.

Interactions

0 agents

None found in our sources.

Check with what you take

Kept on this device only

Add what you take. We list every interaction our evidence profiles cite between Calendula and your picks, and between your picks.

Add a supplement or medicine

Most cited:

Add a supplement or medicine you take to check it against Calendula.

Starting from one medicine? The interaction checker rates how serious each pair is, on a curated list of 19 entries for 11 medicines. This cabinet has no severity rating: it lists every interaction row our supplement pages cite.

Who should be careful

4 groups

Allergy to daisy-family (Asteraceae) plants: The EU monograph says calendula medicines must not be used by people allergic to Asteraceae plants, the family that also includes arnica and chamomile. In one patch-test series, 9 of 443 dermatology patients reacted to marigold.^12,13,14
Young children: The EU traditional-use conclusions cover skin use from age 6 and mouth or throat use from age 12. One trial used calendula ointment for diaper rash in infants under 3 without reported side effects, but that is a single 10-day trial.^12,8
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The EU monograph says safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established and does not recommend use. LactMed notes calendula creams have been used on sore or cracked nipples with little high-quality evidence, and no information on oral use while breastfeeding. No cited trial tested calendula during pregnancy; the episiotomy trial applied it after birth.^12,15,6
Radiotherapy skin care: Results conflict across trials, so skin-care choices during radiotherapy are best agreed with the radiation oncology team.^1,2,3,5

How to read the label

What to check on the Supplement Facts panel.

How to read the label

3 checks

Check the form

The trials tested ointments, creams and a vaginal cream. Capsules and teas sold for internal use have no controlled trials cited here.^1,6,10,12

Extract strength is rarely stated

Only one trial abstract gives a strength (1% supercritical CO2 extract), so labels cannot be matched to a studied concentration.⁹

Combination products

The EU summary covers single-herb calendula preparations; mixtures with other herbs are not covered.¹²

Frequently asked questions

Short answers to common questions; the numbers link to the sources below.

Common questions

8 answers

Does calendula cream help radiation dermatitis?

The evidence conflicts. It beat trolamine in a 254-patient trial, but tied with aqueous cream (411 patients) and Sorbolene (81 patients), and a 2023 meta-analysis found no significant effect.^1,2,3,5

Does calendula help wounds close faster?

In one small trial, hand wounds closed in 8.6 days with calendula extract vs 13.2 days with mineral oil, and an episiotomy trial reported less pain. A 2019 systematic review called for larger, well-designed trials.^7,6,11

Is calendula good for diaper rash?

One trial in 66 infants found fewer rash sites with calendula ointment than with aloe cream after 10 days, with no reported side effects. There was no placebo group.⁸

Does calendula work for vaginal yeast infections?

One trial in 150 women compared a calendula vaginal cream with clotrimazole: fewer calendula users tested negative at 10–15 days (49% vs 74%), but more did at 30–35 days (77% vs 34%). It is a single trial; clotrimazole remains the tested standard treatment.¹⁰

Can calendula cause an allergic reaction?

Yes. Calendula is in the daisy family, and about 2% of patch-tested dermatology patients reacted to it. The EU monograph rules it out for people allergic to Asteraceae plants.^13,12

Does calendula interact with medicines?

No interactions are documented. The EU herbal monograph lists none reported, and LiverTox has no calendula entry. Most use is on the skin, and no trial measured drug levels with calendula.¹²

Can calendula cream be used on sore nipples while breastfeeding?

It has been used that way, but LactMed says little high-quality evidence supports it; the studies used combination creams (with Mimosa tenuiflora or echinacea) or lacked a control group. The EU monograph does not recommend calendula while breastfeeding because safety has not been established.^15,12

Should calendula be swallowed as a supplement?

No controlled trial of oral calendula was found for this page. The EU conclusions cover preparations applied to the skin or to the lining of the mouth and throat.¹²

Sources

16 sources: trial abstracts, NIH fact sheets and reference databases. Numbers in the text link here.

Sources cited on this page

16 sources

1Phase III randomized trial of Calendula officinalis compared with trolamine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer.RCT J Clin Oncol, 2004 · PMID 15084618
2No differences between Calendula cream and aqueous cream in the prevention of acute radiation skin reactions--results from a randomised blinded trial.RCT Eur J Oncol Nurs, 2013 · PMID 23245940
3Efficacy of topical Calendula officinalis on prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis: A randomised controlled trial.RCT Australas J Dermatol, 2021 · PMID 32965030
4[Usage of Calendula officinalis in the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial].RCT Rev Esc Enferm USP, 2015 · PMID 25992820
5Natural and miscellaneous agents for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Meta-analysis Support Care Cancer, 2023 · PMID 36859690
6Use of calendula ointment after episiotomy: a randomized clinical trial.RCT J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2022 · PMID 32460565
7Treatment of acute wounds in hand with Calendula officinalis L.: A randomized trial.RCT Tissue Barriers, 2022 · PMID 34674610
8A randomized comparative trial on the therapeutic efficacy of topical aloe vera and Calendula officinalis on diaper dermatitis in children.RCT ScientificWorldJournal, 2012 · PMID 22606064
9Double-blind randomised controlled trial of an emollient cream with and without 1 % supercritical CO2 extract of Calendula officinalis in contact dermatitis.RCT Acta Pharm, 2025 · PMID 41527980
10Comparing the effects of Calendula officinalis and clotrimazole on vaginal Candidiasis: A randomized controlled trial.RCT Women Health, 2017 · PMID 27880086
11A systematic review of Calendula officinalis extract for wound healing.Systematic review Wound Repair Regen, 2019 · PMID 31145533
12Calendulae flos - herbal medicinal product (HMPC summary and EU herbal monograph)Guideline European Medicines Agency, 2018 · ema.europa.eu
13The seamy side of natural medicines: contact sensitization to arnica (Arnica montana L.) and marigold (Calendula officinalis L.).Observational Contact Dermatitis, 2001 · PMID 11722485
14Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics.Review Contact Dermatitis, 2002 · PMID 12492516
15CalendulaDatabase LactMed (NCBI Bookshelf), 2021 · ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
16Evaluation of the effect of herbal agents as management of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Meta-analysis Jpn J Nurs Sci, 2024 · PMID 37816677

What changed

Every dated change to this page: what changed, who made it and why.

Change log

3 entries

Dated changes to this page
Date	Change	Who and why
Oct 21, 2026evidence, key facts, who should avoid, FAQ, questions, time to effect, related	Added the LactMed calendula entry to the pregnancy and breastfeeding note (nipple use with little high-quality evidence; no data on oral use), an evidence row for the 2017 vaginal-cream trial that the FAQ already described (grade D, mixed), a 2024 breast-cancer radiodermatitis meta-analysis (insufficient evidence for calendula) in key facts and insights, an interaction FAQ, a breastfeeding FAQ, time-to-effect rows, page questions and the hair and skin goal link. Interaction check: EU herbal monograph section 4.5 (none reported), LactMed (none), no LiverTox, NCCIH or MedlinePlus calendula page; the interaction list stays empty. PubMed search 2022–2026 found no newer calendula trial or meta-analysis that qualified; a 2025 head-and-neck trial (PMID 40480289) used calendula only as the comparator for another ointment and was not added.	Writer: Kymata Health EditorialTrigger: A–Z audit against docs/supplements/AUDIT-STANDARD.md
Oct 14, 2026all	Initial editorial evidence review (first draft). Every PMID checked against NCBI E-utilities esummary (titles and years taken from the record; retraction, erratum and expression-of-concern links checked in the PubMed record) and the abstract read for each cited row. Studied doses are reported as research doses, not dosing advice. Industry links: the 2004 trial used a Boiron product and the 2013 trial a Weleda cream (funding not stated in either abstract); a 2025 trial in which calendula was only the comparator for another ointment was not used.	Writer: Kymata Health EditorialTrigger: new page
Oct 14, 2026all	Adversarial review: product makers (Boiron for the 2004 trial, Weleda for the 2013 trial) now stated in the evidence notes, not only here; pregnancy entry now gives the EU monograph's 'not recommended' position (section 4.6 of EMA/HMPC/437450/2017); the vaginal-cream FAQ notes it rests on one trial. EU age limits (6 years skin, 12 years mouth and throat) and the Asteraceae contraindication re-checked against the EMA summary.	Writer: Kymata Health EditorialTrigger: review

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