Bitter Orange and exercise metabolism
What 3 graded rows on bitter orange agree on for exercise metabolism, and where they differ. Counted side by side, never averaged.
Consensus finder Rows from the Bitter Orange page, reviewed Oct 21, 2026 How it decides
What the rows agree on
Each block and row is one graded row from the Bitter Orange page, with its PubMed record.
Your question
Bitter Orange and exercise metabolism
3 rows · 47 peopleMostly an improvement: 2 of 3 rows, and most of the people. 1 found no difference.
- DGrade D× 3
- Rows
- 3
- Trials
- 3
- People
- 47
Where they differ
From the rowsThe best-graded row, grade D, is a crossover trial of 18 people (2022) and found no difference.
Only the 2 rows that found an improvement name athletes or trained people in their population. Only the row that found no difference names women in its population.
The row that found no difference is newer (2022) than the 2 rows that found an improvement (2020 to 2021).
The rows
2 improved · 1 no difference- DGrade DFat oxidation, energy expenditure and heart rate in a maximal cycling test · Improved
Crossover RCT · n 15 · 2021 · Elite cyclists
3 mg/kg, single dose · Single dose
Fat oxidation rate rose versus placebo; energy expenditure and heart rate during exercise did not change.
Row on the Bitter Orange page · PubMed 32859142 (opens PubMed)
- DGrade DFat oxidation and energy expenditure during 1 hour of cycling · Improved
Crossover RCT · n 14 · 2020 · Healthy adults
3 mg/kg, single dose · Single dose
Whole-body fat oxidation rose versus placebo while energy expenditure did not change.
Row on the Bitter Orange page · PubMed 31691018 (opens PubMed)
- DGrade DFat oxidation during exercise in women · No difference
Crossover RCT · n 18 · 2022 · Healthy, recreationally active women
3 mg/kg, single dose · Single dose
No change in fat oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, energy expenditure or exercise heart rate versus placebo. Resting tympanic temperature was higher (36.4 vs 36.1 °C); resting heart rate and blood pressure did not change.
Row on the Bitter Orange page · PubMed 36297036 (opens PubMed)