Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) and bone density

What 3 graded rows on vitamin k1 (phylloquinone) agree on for bone density, and where they differ. Counted side by side, never averaged.

Consensus finder Rows from the Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) page, reviewed Oct 21, 2026 How it decides

What the rows agree on

Each block and row is one graded row from the Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) page, with its PubMed record.

Supplement

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) Choose another

3 rows · 1,222 people

They agree: all 3 rows found no difference.

No difference

Improved

Each block is one evidence row, sized by how many people it enrolled, with its grade inside.

From the rows

Every row is graded No effect, our grade for adequately powered trials that found no effect.

The rows run from 381 to 440 people, published from 2008 to 2009: 3 single studies.

3 no difference

No effectBone mineral density at lumbar spine and total hip · No difference
RCT · n 440 · 2008 · Postmenopausal women with osteopenia, vitamin D replete (ECKO trial, Canada)
5 mg/day · 2 years (extended up to 4 years for some)
Spine density fell 1.28% vs 1.22% and hip density 0.69% vs 0.88% (no difference). K1 raised blood K1 10-fold and lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin. It was well tolerated, with no difference in adverse effects.
Row on the Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) page · PubMed 18922041 (opens PubMed)
No effectBone mineral density at hip, spine and whole body · No difference
RCT · n 401 · 2008 · Men and women aged 60 to 80 who were calcium and vitamin D replete (452 randomized)
500 mcg/day, with 600 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D in both groups · 3 years
No difference in bone density change at any site. Phylloquinone raised blood K1 and lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin; no other bone marker differed.
Row on the Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) page · PubMed 18252784 (opens PubMed)
No effectBone turnover, density and hip geometry · No difference
RCT · n 381 · 2009 · Healthy, non-osteoporotic postmenopausal North American women
1 mg/day phylloquinone; all groups got calcium and vitamin D3 · 12 months
Both vitamin K forms lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin but did not change bone formation or resorption markers, spine or hip density, or hip geometry.
Row on the Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) page · PubMed 19113922 (opens PubMed)