Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) and memory

What 2 graded rows on multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) agree on for memory, and where they differ. Counted side by side, never averaged.

Consensus finder Rows from the Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) page, reviewed Oct 21, 2026 How it decides

What the rows agree on

Each block and row is one graded row from the Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) page, with its PubMed record.

Supplement

Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) Choose another

2 rows · 8,765 people

They agree: both rows found an improvement.

No difference

Improved

Each block is one evidence row, sized by how many people it enrolled, with its grade inside.

From the rows

The best-graded row, grade C, is a meta-analysis of 5,203 people (2024) and found an improvement.

The rows run from 3,562 to 5,203 people, published from 2023 to 2024: 1 pooled review and 1 single study.

2 improved

Grade CGlobal cognition and episodic memory · Improved
Meta-analysis, 3 studies · n 5,203 · 2024 · US adults aged 60+ in three COSMOS substudies (Clinic, Mind, Web)
1 tablet/day · 2–3 years
Global cognition +0.07 SD units (95% CI 0.03–0.11) and episodic memory +0.06 SD units versus placebo; the authors equated the global effect to about 2 years less cognitive aging.
Row on the Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) page · PubMed 38244989 (opens PubMed)
Grade CImmediate word recall (episodic memory) · Improved
RCT · n 3,562 · 2023 · Older US adults in COSMOS-Web (online testing)
1 tablet/day · 3 years
Better immediate word recall than placebo at 1 year (the primary endpoint) and on average over 3 years; no significant effects on secondary outcomes.
Row on the Multivitamin (multivitamin/mineral) page · PubMed 37244291 (opens PubMed)